{"id":1369071,"date":"2022-07-15T09:41:58","date_gmt":"2022-07-15T07:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/?p=1369071"},"modified":"2022-09-08T11:46:23","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T09:46:23","slug":"melanom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/blog\/melanom\/","title":{"rendered":"Melanom &#8211; jak se chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed t\u00edmto agresivn\u00edm typem n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>S p\u0159\u00edchodem letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se poj\u00ed nem\u00e1lo pozitiv. Tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed n\u00e1s l\u00e1k\u00e1 tr\u00e1vit v\u00edce \u010dasu venku a odpo\u010d\u00edvat na dovolen\u00fdch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. Je v\u0161ak velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 myslet i na rizika, kter\u00e9 sebou toto obdob\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rizik je zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m\u00fd pod pojmem \u201emelanom\u201c, n\u011bkdy nespr\u00e1vn\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako \u201erakovina k\u016f\u017ee\u201c. <\/em><em>Z v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee riziko rozvoje melanomu je ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 genetickou predispozic\u00ed a\u017e do m\u00edry 58 %.<\/em><em> P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce o onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a preventivn\u00edch kroc\u00edch<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je melanom?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Melanom je typ n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuje bu\u0148ky zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pod ozna\u010den\u00edm melanocyty. Hlavn\u00ed \u00falohou melanocyt\u016f je produkce melaninu, co\u017e je pigment, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed bu\u0148ky p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm ze slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce melaninu si dok\u00e1\u017ee na\u0161e t\u011blo produkovat, t\u00edm tmav\u0161\u00ed bude na\u0161e poko\u017eka, vlasy a o\u010di, co\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 vede i k lep\u0161\u00ed ochran\u011b p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi vlivy ultrafialov\u00e9ho (UV) z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ze slunce. Melanocyty se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla, a proto je nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 melanom ozna\u010dovat jako rakovina k\u016f\u017ee. Je sice pravda, \u017ee melanom se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuje na k\u016f\u017ei, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti znam\u00e9nek, kde je velmi vysok\u00e1 koncentrace melanocyt\u016f, objevit se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee kdekoliv na t\u011ble, v\u010detn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad oka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak melanom vznik\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Melanom vznik\u00e1 po p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed bu\u0148ky na tzv. rakovinovou, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik specifick\u00fdch charakteristik, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad neregulovan\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vede k samotn\u00e9mu r\u016fstu n\u00e1doru. K t\u00e9to p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed po s\u00e9rii n\u011bkolika mutac\u00ed v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblastech DNA. K t\u011bmto mutac\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak t\u0159i oblasti:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>na\u0161e genetika,&nbsp;<\/li><li>n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivotn\u00ed styl a prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v jak\u00e9m \u017eijeme,&nbsp;<\/li><li>a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b tzv. faktor n\u00e1hody.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1369072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-cz-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na riziko rozvoje m\u00e1 vliv i genetika<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>riziko rozvoje melanomu je ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 genetickou predispozic\u00ed a\u017e do m\u00edry 58 %<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161e genetika sehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnou \u00falohu p\u0159i individu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1chylnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s k rozvoji onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdm genetika ovliv\u0148uje toto riziko, je pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 produkce melaninu a s n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ochrana p\u0159ed slune\u010dn\u00edm UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanom_cislo_CZ-1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1369073\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanom_cislo_CZ-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanom_cislo_CZ-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanom_cislo_CZ-768x403.png 768w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanom_cislo_CZ-600x315.png 600w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/07\/melanom_cislo_CZ.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u017divotn\u00ed styl a prost\u0159ed\u00ed&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00falohu p\u0159i rozvoji melanomu sehr\u00e1v\u00e1 vystavov\u00e1n\u00ed se UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ze slunce. UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 toti\u017e schopnost zp\u016fsobovat mutace v DNA, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee \u010dasem v\u00e9st k samotn\u00e9mu rozvoji onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktor n\u00e1hody&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke vzniku mutac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet v na\u0161em t\u011ble i \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159irozen\u011b a zabr\u00e1nit tomu v podstat\u011b nelze. P\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m jednom d\u011blen\u00ed bu\u0148ky se toti\u017e odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd proces, a to je kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA. Enzym, tzv. DNA polymer\u00e1za, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 toto kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed na starosti, v\u0161ak nen\u00ed bezchybn\u00fd. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s ur\u010ditou frekvenc\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159i kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed chyby, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f odstran\u011bny r\u016fzn\u00fdmi opravn\u00fdmi mechanismy. Ob\u010das v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k tomu, \u017ee chyba nen\u00ed odstran\u011bna a zafixuje se do dal\u0161\u00edch generac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak se m\u016f\u017eu chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed vznikem melanomu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dem p\u0159i prevenci n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b melanomu, je chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed vznikem mutac\u00ed, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017eeme na\u0161\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm zabr\u00e1nit. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy zejm\u00e9na o dostate\u010dnou ochranu p\u0159ed UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm ze slunce. K t\u00e9to ochran\u011b mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00e9 kroky, v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f s ochrann\u00fdm faktorem minim\u00e1ln\u011b 30, \u010di no\u0161en\u00ed kvalitn\u00edch slune\u010dn\u00edch br\u00fdl\u00ed s UV filtrem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, n\u00e1dorov\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem i melanomu, neum\u00edme zcela zabr\u00e1nit. Je to z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee k jejich rozvoji p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd faktor n\u00e1hody. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u0159i n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 myslet na preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky u l\u00e9ka\u0159e. D\u00edky t\u011bmto prohl\u00eddk\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eeme zachytit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m v\u010das, co\u017e je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro efektivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu. Statistiky uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed p\u011bti let po diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00ed melanomu vzr\u016fst\u00e1 o v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 %, pokud je identifikov\u00e1n v\u010das, a naopak, na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 30 %, pokud je odhalen p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se v r\u00e1mci prevence doporu\u010duje nav\u0161t\u011bvovat dermatologa minim\u00e1ln\u011b jednou ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Krom\u011b pravideln\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv l\u00e9ka\u0159e je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sledovat si nejrizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta na t\u011ble i samostatn\u011b. <\/strong>P\u0159i melanomu se jedn\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na o znam\u00e9nka. Ur\u010dit\u011b nav\u0161tivte l\u00e9ka\u0159e co nejd\u0159\u00edve, pokud naleznete znam\u00e9nko, kter\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>m\u00e1 asymetrick\u00fd tvar,<\/li><li>m\u00e1 nepravideln\u00e9 okraje,<\/li><li>m\u00e1 nepravidelnou barvu,<\/li><li>m\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 mm,<\/li><li>svrb\u00ed, hnis\u00e1 nebo krv\u00e1c\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s je jedine\u010dn\u00fd a nejedn\u00e1 se pouze o viditeln\u00e9 znaky, jako je barva o\u010d\u00ed nebo vlas\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 sa i o skryt\u00e9 n\u00e1chylnosti k r\u016fzn\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad melanom. Dnes u\u017e m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s mo\u017enost odhalit tyto skryt\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 predispozice, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme upravit sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed podle individu\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb. D\u00edky anal\u00fdze DNA pozn\u00e1te sv\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 predispozice a budete moci za\u010d\u00edt s efektivn\u00ed prevenc\u00ed v oblastech, kter\u00e9 jsou pro v\u00e1s nejrizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak vypadaj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky <a href=\"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/cs\/produkt\/dna-complex-test\/\">anal\u00fdzy DNA<\/a>, doporu\u010dujeme v\u00e1m nahl\u00e9dnout do na\u0161eho DEMO \u00fa\u010dtu, ve kter\u00e9m si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout vzorov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u0161ech test\u016f DNA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/app.dnaera.sk\/sign-in?demo=true&amp;lng=cz\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/05\/CZ_button_blog-1024x334.png\" alt=\"DNA test - jak vypadaj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky\" class=\"wp-image-1368023\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/05\/CZ_button_blog-1024x334.png 1024w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/05\/CZ_button_blog-300x98.png 300w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/05\/CZ_button_blog-768x250.png 768w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/05\/CZ_button_blog-600x196.png 600w, https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/05\/CZ_button_blog.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Miller, A. J., &amp; Mihm Jr, M. C. (2006). Melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(1), 51-65.<\/li><li>Schadendorf, D., van Akkooi, A. C., Berking, C., Griewank, K. G., Gutzmer, R., Hauschild, A., &#8230; &amp; Ugurel, S. (2018). Melanoma. The Lancet, 392(10151), 971-984.<\/li><li>Tsao, H., Gabree, M. J., &amp; Atkins, M. B. (2010). Inherited susceptibility to melanoma. Available [with UpToDate subscription] at: http:\/\/www. uptodate. com\/patients\/content\/topic.<\/li><li>Mucci, L. A., Hjelmborg, J. B., Harris, J. R., Czene, K., Havelick, D. J., Scheike, T., &#8230; &amp; Kaprio, J. (2016). Familial risk and heritability of cancer among twins in Nordic countries. Jama, 315(1), 68-76.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curemelanoma.org\/about-melanoma\/melanoma-staging\/melanoma-survival-rates\/\">https:\/\/www.curemelanoma.org\/about-melanoma\/melanoma-staging\/melanoma-survival-rates\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facingourrisk.org\/info\/hereditary-cancer-and-genetic-testing\/hereditary-cancer\/genes-and-cancer\">https:\/\/www.facingourrisk.org\/info\/hereditary-cancer-and-genetic-testing\/hereditary-cancer\/genes-and-cancer<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S p\u0159\u00edchodem letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se poj\u00ed nem\u00e1lo pozitiv. Tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed n\u00e1s l\u00e1k\u00e1 tr\u00e1vit v\u00edce \u010dasu venku a odpo\u010d\u00edvat na dovolen\u00fdch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. Je v\u0161ak velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 myslet i na rizika, kter\u00e9 sebou toto obdob\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rizik je zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m\u00fd pod pojmem \u201emelanom\u201c, n\u011bkdy nespr\u00e1vn\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako \u201erakovina [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1369015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[58],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1369071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-cs","tag-dna-analyza"],"acf":[],"views":935,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1369071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1369071"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1369071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1369169,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1369071\/revisions\/1369169"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1369015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1369071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1369071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1369071"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=1369071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}