{"id":1375462,"date":"2024-02-02T14:03:50","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T13:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/?p=1375462"},"modified":"2024-03-25T13:14:02","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T12:14:02","slug":"kolorektalni-karcinom-vcasna-diagnostika-a-lecba-zachranuji-zivoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/blog\/kolorektalni-karcinom-vcasna-diagnostika-a-lecba-zachranuji-zivoty\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed karcinom: V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika a l\u00e9\u010dba zachra\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eivoty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed karcinom, zn\u00e1m\u00fd i pod n\u00e1zvem rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku, je podle \u00fadaj\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) t\u0159et\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rakovinou postihuj\u00edc\u00ed mu\u017ee a \u017eeny. Mu\u017ei jsou p\u0159itom ohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v o n\u011bco mlad\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku ne\u017e \u017eeny, av\u0161ak tento probl\u00e9m se vyskytuje u st\u00e1le mlad\u0161\u00edch pacient\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu mohou b\u00fdt v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se nemus\u00ed projevit v\u016fbec. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se projevuje ve form\u011b z\u00e1cpy, pr\u016fjmu (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jejich \u010dast\u00e9m st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed), rekt\u00e1ln\u00edho krv\u00e1cen\u00ed a krve ve stolici, ale i ve form\u011b nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed, k\u0159e\u010d\u00ed a bolesti b\u0159icha. Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky mohou souviset i s m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, jako hemoroidy nebo Crohnova nemoc, ale pokud se objevuj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu del\u0161\u00edho obdob\u00ed, je vhodn\u00e9 absolvovat vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pro v\u010dasn\u00e9 diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00ed o jak\u00fd probl\u00e9m se jedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch sa mohou objevovat p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 nemus\u00ed m\u00edt vliv u\u017e pouze na tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trakt, ale mohou sa projevovat i na zbytku t\u011bla. Typicky jde o n\u00e1hl\u00e9 hubnut\u00ed, nechutenstv\u00ed, nevolnost, zvracen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 celkovou slabost a \u00fanavu. P\u0159i v\u00fdskytu t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f je n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva l\u00e9ka\u0159e nezbytn\u00e1, nejl\u00e9pe co nejd\u0159\u00edv. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika a zah\u00e1jen\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it \u0161ance na n\u00e1vrat k b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159i \u010dasto doporu\u010duj\u00ed absolvovat preventivn\u00ed screeningov\u00e9 testy lidem bez zn\u00e1mek onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Rovn\u011b\u017e m\u016f\u017ee pomoci prov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed genetick\u00fdch predispozic. DNA-testy mohou pomoci odhalit mutace v organismu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se jich v organismu nasb\u00edr\u00e1 v\u00edc, jejich spole\u010dn\u00fd efekt na rozvoj onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prevence kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prevenc\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi n\u00e1vyky lze riziko vzniku kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu v\u00fdrazn\u011b eliminovat. Jedn\u00e1 sa p\u0159itom o jednoduch\u00e9 kroky a \u010dinnosti v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohou zabr\u00e1nit vzniku mnoh\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d.1 \u2013 Nezapom\u00ednejte na pohyb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Studie uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee riziko vzniku kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu se p\u0159i pravideln\u00e9m pohybu sni\u017euje o 25 – 50% v porovnan\u00ed s \u017e\u00e1dnou, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ob\u010dasnou fyzickou aktivitou. Sta\u010d\u00ed si vybrat prakticky jak\u00fdkoliv pohyb, a\u0165 je to ch\u016fze, cyklistika, pr\u00e1ce na zahrad\u011b nebo jak\u00e1koli jin\u00e1 \u010dinnost..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d.2 \u2013 Sledujte svou t\u011blesnou v\u00e1hu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita jsou po kou\u0159en\u00ed nejv\u00edce rizikov\u00e9 faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vznik rakoviny, p\u0159i \u010dem je dok\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee souvis\u00ed minim\u00e1lne s 11 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy rakoviny. U mu\u017e\u016f s nadv\u00e1hou je riziko vzniku kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu a\u017e o 50% vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u mu\u017e\u016f s norm\u00e1ln\u00ed vahou. U \u017een je toto riziko vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d.3 \u2013 Dbejte na stravu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Podle International Agency for Research on Cancer je konzumace \u010derven\u00e9ho masa (steak, hamburger, vep\u0159ov\u00e9 maso, atd.) potenci\u00e1ln\u011b karcinogenn\u00ed. Strava by m\u011bla b\u00fdt naopak obohacen\u00e1 o v\u00e1pn\u00edk, vitam\u00edn D a r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy ovoce a zeleniny. Maso v\u0161ak nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 vylou\u010dit \u00fapln\u011b, doporu\u010duje se ale jeho v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d.4 \u2013\u00a0 Pozor na alkohol a cigarety<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je dok\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee kou\u0159en\u00ed je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou minim\u00e1ln\u011b 14 druh\u016f rakoviny, v\u010detn\u011b kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 vliv i na vznik dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159i pravideln\u00e9 konzumaci alkoholu (2 – 3 n\u00e1poje denn\u011b) se zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku o 20% v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lidmi kte\u0159\u00ed alkohol nekonzumuj\u00ed. P\u0159i konzumaci v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f denn\u011b se toto riziko zvy\u0161uje a\u017e o 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d.5 \u2013 Nebojte se prohl\u00eddek<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladem \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby je p\u0159esn\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f o krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, o druhu bolesti, o d\u00e9lce p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekost\u00ed, o stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch a \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu a pod, l\u00e9ka\u0159 stanov\u00ed pl\u00e1n vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Obvykle se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z rekt\u00e1ln\u00edho palpa\u010dn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a endoskopick\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed rektoskopem, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se vy\u0161et\u0159uje kone\u010dn\u00edk do hloubky 15 cm. Pomoc\u00ed preventivn\u00ed rektoskopie je mo\u017en\u00e9 odhalit p\u0159\u00edtomnost polyp\u016f a n\u00e1dor\u016f kone\u010dn\u00edku. Z polyp\u016f vznik\u00e1 rakovina v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 5-10 rokov, proto je jejich odstran\u011bn\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pacient\u016fm star\u0161\u00edm v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 let proktologov\u00e9 doporu\u010duj\u00ed vykonat rektoskopii nejm\u00e9n\u011b jednou ro\u010dn\u011b, aby p\u0159ede\u0161li rakovin\u011b kone\u010dn\u00edku. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed po 50-t\u00e9m roku \u017eivota je preventivn\u00ed kolonoskopie. P\u0159i negativn\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a bez rodinn\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed opakovat kolonoskopii po 10 letech.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek p\u0159ipravil: MUDr. Ivan Sedl\u00e1k, PhD., MPH\u00a0
Chirurg, proktolog medic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho centra DoktorPRO<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Informace a statistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje
Anticancer Fund: www.anticancerfund.org\u00a0
European Society for Medical Oncology: www.esmo.org
Mayo Clinic: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/colon-cancer\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20353669<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed karcinom, zn\u00e1m\u00fd i pod n\u00e1zvem rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a kone\u010dn\u00edku, je podle \u00fadaj\u016f Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) t\u0159et\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rakovinou postihuj\u00edc\u00ed mu\u017ee a \u017eeny. Mu\u017ei jsou p\u0159itom ohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v o n\u011bco mlad\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku ne\u017e \u017eeny, av\u0161ak tento probl\u00e9m se vyskytuje u st\u00e1le mlad\u0161\u00edch pacient\u016f. P\u0159\u00edznaky kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu P\u0159\u00edznaky kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edho karcinomu mohou b\u00fdt v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":869,"featured_media":1375470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,59,100,101],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1375462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-dna-analyza","tag-dna-test","tag-predispozice","tag-zdravi"],"acf":[],"views":1839,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1375462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/869"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1375462"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1375462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1375469,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1375462\/revisions\/1375469"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1375470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1375462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1375462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1375462"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.mnt.webikon.sk\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=1375462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}